Most thyroid cancers did not cause any signs or symptoms early in the disease. As thyroid cancer progress, it might cause:

• A lump (nodule) that could be felt through the skin on the neck
• A feeling that close-fitting shirt collars were becoming too tight
• Changes to your voice, involving increasing hoarseness
• Difficulty swallowing
• Swollen lymph nodes in the neck
• Pain in the neck and throat

Types of thyroid cancer

Thyroid cancer was classified into kind based on a kinds of cells found in tumor. Your type was determined when the sample of tissue from the cancer was examined under the microscope. The kind of thyroid cancer was considered in deciding the prognosis and treatment.

Types of thyroid cancer include:

Differentiated thyroid cancers. This broad category includes types of thyroid cancer that starts in the cells that produced and stored thyroid hormones. These cells are defined as follicular cells. Differentiated thyroid cancers cells appear same to healthy cells when viewed under the microscope.

• Hurthle cell thyroid cancer. This rare type of thyroid cancer was once considered a kind of follicular thyroid cancer. Now it was considered its own type as the cancer cells behaving differently and responds to different treatments. Hurthle cell thyroid cancers were aggressive and could grow to involve structures in a neck and spread to other chunks of body.
• Poorly differentiated thyroid cancer. This rare kind of thyroid cancer was more aggressive than another differentiated thyroid cancers and often did not respond to the usual treatments.

Anaplastic thyroid cancer. 

This rare type of thyroid cancer growing fast way and could be tough to treat. However, treatments could support slow the progression of an disease. Anaplastic thyroid cancer tends to happen in persons older than 60. It could cause severe symptoms and signs like neck swelling that worsened very fast way and might lead to difficulty swallowing and breathing

Other rare types.

Other very rare kind of cancer could begin a thyroid. These involve thyroid lymphoma, which start in a immune system cells of an thyroid, and thyroid sarcoma, which starts in connective tissue cells of an thyroid.

Risk factors

Factors that might increasing the risk of thyroid cancer involving:

Female sex. 

Thyroid cancer happened more often in women than in men. Experts think it might be connected to an hormone estrogen. People who were assigned female sex at birth generally having high levels of estrogen in the bodies.

Exposure to higher levels of radiation.

Radiation therapy treatments to the neck and head increased the risk of the thyroid cancer.

Certain inherited genetic syndromes

Genetic syndromes that increased the risk of thyroid cancer involve familial medullary thyroid cancer, familial adenomatous polyposis, multiple endocrine neoplasia, and Cowden syndrome. Types of thyroid cancer that sometimes running in families involve papillary thyroid cancer and medullary thyroid cancer.

Thyroid cancer might recur in:

• Lymph nodes in a neck
• Tiny chunks of thyroid tissue left behind surgery
• Other chunks of the body, such as the bones and lungs

Your health care provider might suggested periodic blood tests or thyroid scans to check up for signs that the cancer had returned. At these appointments, the provider might asked if you had experienced any symptoms and signs of thyroid cancer recurrence like:

• Neck pain
• A lump in a neck
• Trouble swallowing
• Voice changes like hoarseness

When thyroid cancer spreading, it most often travels to:

• Lymph nodes in a neck
• Lungs
• Bones
• Brain
• Liver
• Skin

Prevention

Doctors were not certain what causes the gene changes that lead to much most thyroid cancers, so there was no manner to prevent thyroid cancer in persons who had the average risk of an disease.

Prevention for people with the higher risk

Adults and kids with the inherited gene that increases the risk of medullary thyroid cancer might considered thyroid surgery to block cancer (prophylactic thyroidectomy). Discuss your alternatives with the genetic counselor who could explained the risk of thyroid cancer and the treatment alternatives.